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Evolution of Greenness and Uniformity of Grass Coverage of C4 Species During Spring Green-up Compared with a C3 Turfgrass

Contribution type: article

Title: Evolution of Greenness and Uniformity of Grass Coverage of C4 Species During Spring Green-up Compared with a C3 Turfgrass

Authors:

Pedro V. Mauri, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Spain
Jose F. Marin, Area verde MG Projects SL, Spain, jmarin@areaverde.es
Jose Miguel Peña, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Spain
Francisco Javier Muñoz, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Spain
María del Pilar Garcia de Paredes, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Ana Centeno, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Lorena Parra, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

Keywords: Warm-season turfgrass; homogeneity; Canopeo Tool; Urban lawns; Zoysiagrass; Bermudagrass

Abstract:

There is an increasing concern regarding the water efficiency of turfgrass in cities and parks. This paper aims to test the performance of different warm-season grass cultivars that could replace the more demanding cold-season ones. A control C3 mix (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Poa pratensis L., and Lolium perenne L.), two C4 mixes (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis, cultivar' Texoma (OKC1876)' and Zoysia matrella cultivar 'Zorro'), and a C3-C4 mix (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis, cultivar 'Texoma (OKC1876)' overseeded with L. perenne and F. arundinacea) have been cultivated in individual plots on the experimental grounds of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. At various dates throughout the spring, pictures of the plots have been taken and analysed, measuring green intensity through three different methods (Green Index, Excess of Green, Canopeo) and their homogeneity. Among these three methods used to measure green intensity, the green index method has been able to detect a significant difference between species for a more extended period than the others throughout the spring green-up. After the control mix, the overseeded C3-C4 mix has been the earliest to reach its peak green value, and Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis, cultivar 'Texoma (OKC1876)', has been the most homogeneous one after green-up. The findings in this paper will aid in the selection of turfgrass species for future urban green spaces that are less water-demanding.

Publication Date: November 16, 2025

Presented during:

Dates: November 16, 2025 to November 20, 2025

Location: Nice / Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France

Venue:

Novotel Nice Airport Cap 3000

40 Avenue de Verdun
06700 SAINT LAURENT DU VAR
France

Hotel website

Copyright (c) DTR Society, 2025

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